Relationship between Behavioural Work Environment, Physical Work Environment and Employee Productivity: Mediating role of work motivation

Abstract

This study explores the relationship between behavioural work environments and employee productivity, with work motivation as a mediator, among Bauchi State civil servants. Drawing on social exchange theory and self-determination theory to explain how supportive interpersonal conditions satisfy employees’ psychological needs and foster motivation, the study used a questionnaire survey of 372 employees in Bauchi State MDAs. Data were analysed with SPSS (reliability and regression) and PLS-SEM (path analysis). Findings indicate a significant positive relationship between behavioural work environment and employee productivity, and that work motivation mediates this relationship consistent with theory that behavioural cues (support, autonomy, relatedness) increase intrinsic motivation and thereby performance. Although the mediation effect was positive, it was statistically modest. The study is relevant to organizational managers and policymakers: it recommends strengthening behavioural workplace practices, fostering long-term supportive relationships, and developing technical and managerial capabilities to improve service quality. Results can inform Bauchi State policy actions to prioritize work-environment improvements.