Religion and ethnicity in Nigeria politics: An assessment of the Fourth Republic

Abstract

One of the most fundamental issues affecting the process of Nigerian political terrain today is Religion and Ethnicity, in the sense that it articulates and control the politics of the country. This study aims to examines the role of these two issues and their impact on Nigeria fourth Republic (1999-2023). The study contributes to the existing literature by providing a comprehensive analysis of past research findings and highlighting the complexities of religion and ethnicity in Nigerian politics, drawing on past literature to analyze their implications for governance, social cohesion, and democratic development. Through an ex-post facto research design, the study synthesizes existing knowledge to explore the intricate dynamics of religion and ethnicity in shaping political behaviors, electoral outcomes, and governance dynamics. Findings reveal that religion and ethnicity significantly influence political mobilization, identity-based voting patterns, and ethno-religious conflicts, posing challenges to democratic consolidation and national unity. Policy implications include the importance of fostering
inclusive governance structures, promoting interfaith dialogue, and addressing identity-based grievances to build a more inclusive and peaceful society. Ultimately, this study underscores the need for concerted efforts to strengthen democratic institutions, promote social cohesion, and address the underlying drivers of religious and ethnic tensions in Nigerian politics. By addressing these challenges, Nigeria can move towards a more equitable, inclusive, and prosperous future, where the diverse identities of its citizens are respected and celebrated within the framework of democratic governance.