International Journal of Intellectual Discourse

Investigating the Role of Supply Chain Traceability (SCT) on the Performance of Manufacturing Companies in Northern Nigeria.

Umar Abdullahi Maiauduga — 2026-02-01

In an increasingly competitive market, supply chain traceability (SCT) has emerge as critical factor influencing operational efficiency, regulatory compliance, and customer satisfaction. The main aim of this study is to investigate the role of Supply Chain Traceability (SCT) on the operational and environmental performance of manufacturing companies in Northern Nigeria. The study is quantitative which employed descriptive survey design. The population of the study is made up of 495 registered members of Manufacturers Association of Nigeria (MAN) across the 19 states of the Northern Nigeria including the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Abuja. A cluster random sampling technique was used to select 239 respondents out which 196 (82%) were found valid for the analysis. The data of the study was collected using a 5 – Point Likert Scale Questionnaire and were analysed with the help of Smart PLS 4. From the result, it was found that, supply chain traceability has positive and significant on the environmental and
operational performance of manufacturing companies in Northern Nigeria with (β=0.582, t=11.603, p= .000) and (β=0.681, t=15.649, p< .000) respectively. The study concluded that, supply chain traceability is a valuable strategy for the firm’s competitive advantages. Thus, it is recommended that, manufacturing companies should implement tracking systems by using technologies to track products throughout the supply chain, and monitor supplier practices to ensure compliance with environmental and social standards. Future studies may investigate expand the study area to cover the whole country in order to expand the result and for comparative analysis.

Tangibility and Reliability Components of Service Quality as Drivers of Environmental Sustainability of the Hospitality Sector

Olakunle Shakur OLAWUYI — 2026-02-01

Organizations are expected to engage service quality parameters, so as to be able to meet customers’ expectations, satisfy the customers and ensure customer loyalty. SERVQUAL model has well been explored for service quality by different studies. Tangibility and reliability dimensions of service quality were engaged for this study. Tangibility depicts physical facilities and structures of an organization deployed to satisfy customers. Reliability dimension of service quality implies how reliable the services of an organization are perceived by customers. Quantitative methods of research were engaged for this study. Data were collected with questionnaires and the data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. This study revealed that Owu Crown Hotel have achieved greatly with respect to the deployment of the tangibility and reliability components of service quality. The physical facilities of the hotel have generally been rated high by the respondents and as such these facilities have largely met
the expectations of their guests. This is connected with the fact that the guests have also largely rated the services of the hotel as reliable. The analysis conclusively reveals that tangibility is essentially the driver of environmental sustainability for this study.

Environmental, Social, And Governance (ESG) Practices and Maqasid Al-Shari'ah in Islamic Banks: The Moderating Role of Shariʿah Compliance

Nura Yahaya — 2026-02-01

This study examines the relationship between Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) practices and the achievement of Maqaṣid al-Shari’ah in Islamic banks, with particular emphasis on the moderating role of Shari’ah compliance. Although ESG principles share strong ethical and normative foundations with the higher objectives of Islamic law, questions persist regarding the extent to which Islamic banks translate this alignment into substantive socio-economic outcomes beyond formal Shari’ah compliance. The growing global prominence of ESG has therefore renewed debates on whether Islamic banking institutions
genuinely fulfil their moral, social, and developmental mandate. Despite this relevance, existing literature lacks an integrated conceptual framework that systematically explains how ESG practices contribute to Maqaṣid al-Shari’ah and how Shari’ah governance mechanisms influence this relationship. Adopting a qualitative and descriptive research design, the study employs document analysis to synthesize scholarly literature on ESG practices, Maqaṣid al Shari’ah, Islamic banking, sustainable finance, and Shari’ah governance. The findings reveal a strong conceptual convergence between ESG practices and the core objectives of Maqaṣid al-Shari’ah, particularly in advancing sustainable development, social justice, ethical governance, and public welfare (maṣlaḥah). Crucially, the study demonstrates that effective Shari’ah governance through robust supervisory boards, compliance mechanisms, and accountability structures moderates and enhances the impact of ESG practices on Maqaṣid outcomes. Based on these insights, the paper proposes an integrated conceptual framework that positions Shari’ah compliance as a key moderating variable in the ESG–Maqaṣid relationship within Islamic banks. The study recommended that Islamic banks and regulators move beyond narrow product-level compliance by embedding ESG principles into institutional governance, strategic decision-making, and performance measurement systems. The proposed framework contributes theoretically to Islamic finance literature and provides a foundation for future empirical research across diverse regulatory and institutional contexts.

Impact of E-Banking on Students Spending Behaviour: Evidence from Kaduna State University

Eunice Ezeduru — 2026-02-01

All facets of society, including students, have seen a transformation in their purchasing habits and financial transactions since the introduction of electronic banking. This study looks at how Kaduna State University students' spending habits are affected by electronic banking. It specifically looks into how students' spending habits are impacted by electronic banking proxied by Automated Teller Machines (ATM), Point of Sale (POS) terminals, Mobile Banking, Internet Banking and Digital payment platforms. A structured questionnaire was used to gather data from 150 students using a quantitative study methodology. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was used for analysis. With average variance extracted (AVE) values over 0.50 and composite reliability (CR) values above 0.70, the measurement model showed acceptable validity and reliability. None of the electronic banking channels had a statistically significant impact on students' spending behaviour, according to the structural model results (p > 0.05) which can be linked to the low or no income nature of students. The R2 value of 0.24 indicates that 24% of the variation in spending behaviour can be explained by electronic banking channels taken together. The results suggest that although students make use of electronic banking services often, it does not always result in notable changes in their purchasing behaviour. The study suggests that financial organisations should create financial literacy initiatives to enhance students' saving and budgeting practices in thecontext of online banking.

An Application of Corporate Entrepreneurship Concepts, Models and Theories in driving Innovation in a Contemporary Nigerian Firm: A Study of Guinness Nigeria Plc, a Diageo firm

Henrietta Ugboh — 2026-02-01

The 21st century business environment is characterized by volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity, compelling firms to continuously adapt or risk obsolescence. Within this context, corporate entrepreneurship (CE) has emerged as a strategic mechanism through which established firms renew themselves, stimulate innovation, and sustain competitive advantage. This article examines the role of corporate entrepreneurship in driving innovation and organizational performance in contemporary Nigerian firms, using Guinness Nigeria Plc—a subsidiary of Diageo and a major player in Nigeria’s brewery and alcoholic beverage
industry—as a case study. Relying on an extensive review of theoretical literature, corporate reports, and secondary data sources, the study analyses how CE concepts, models, and theories are applied within Guinness Nigeria Plc. The findings reveal that Guinness Nigeria has embedded corporate entrepreneurial practices through product innovation, strategic renewal, human and social capital development, and organizational architecture that supports intrapreneurial behaviour. Despite challenges related to cost pressures and regulatory constraints, the firm’s CE orientation has helped foster a culture of innovation, portfolio diversification, sustained market growth and competitiveness in the evolving Nigerian market. The study recommends that Guinness and indeed other corporate organizations should embrace corporate entrepreneurship practices by enhancing innovation agility and proactiveness in converting new ideas into actual products and services by cutting through internal bureaucracies faster and strengthening capabilities to remain competitive and relevant.

Assessing the effects of external borrowing on infrastructural development in Nigeria from 2015-2021

Abubakar Idris Hassan — 2026-02-01

Government has the objective to provide basic infrastructure to its citizens across the nooks and crannies of the country. Generally, the existence of infrastructure facilitates socio economic development. External borrowing is one of the sources that Nigeria depends on generating income to provide and finance infrastructure in the country. The study adopted Debt Overhang Theory in examining the effects of external borrowing on infrastructural development in Nigeria from 2015-2021. This research adopted qualitative research method by producing narrative and textual description of the study phenomena. To be more specific,
this type of research is majorly explanatory. The study purposively sampled thirty-four (34) key informants. Seven (7) from the management staff of the Debt Management Office, eight (8) from the Infrastructure Concession Regulatory Commission as well as nineteen (19) management staff of the Federal Ministry of Finance Abuja. The finding of this study revealed that External borrowings are a major source of public receipts in Nigeria. External debt has both positive and negative effects on Nigerian economy generally and on infrastructural development particularly. On the positive note, external debt provides the country with
increased funding, Improved infrastructure quality, the necessary funds to invest in infrastructure projects such as roads, bridges, schools, and hospitals. However, Nigeria is trapped on a debt treadmill as they are forced to take new loans to pay old ones. The study recommends that external borrowings when taken should be used exclusively for profitable productive capital investments that can be liquidated rather than recurrent expenditure.

Core Banking System Upgrades and Customer Satisfaction in Selected Quoted Deposit Money Banks

Stella Chizaram UZOUKWU — 2026-02-01

This study examines the effect of Core Banking System (CBS) upgrades on customer satisfaction in selected quoted deposit money banks in Nigeria. Despite substantial investments in CBS upgrades, empirical evidence on their customer-facing impact remains limited. Using a descriptive cross-sectional survey design, data were collected from 361 bank customers and analyzed using multiple regression. CBS upgrades were operationalized through transaction speed, digital functionality, system reliability, security and trust, ease of use, and data accuracy. The results show that CBS upgrades have a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction, with the model explaining a high proportion of variance (R² = 0.831). Data accuracy and notifications emerged as the strongest predictor, followed by ease of use across channels, system reliability, and security and trust, while transaction speed was
significant but weaker. Digital functionality was not statistically significant.The findings indicate that customers prioritise accuracy, usability, reliability, and trust over expanded digital features. The study concludes that CBS upgrades must deliver tangible service
improvements to enhance customer satisfaction and recommends that banks prioritise system performance dimensions that directly shape user experience.

Between Faith and Fanaticism: Investigating the Psychological and Social Drivers of Religious Violence in Africa

Yunana Diqson Bishugad — 2026-02-01

Religious violence in Africa is often attributed to theological extremism; however, interdisciplinary scholarship suggests that religion more often functions as a mobilising frame embedded within structural inequality, political exclusion, and contested identity than as an autonomous cause. Drawing on a critical interpretive synthesis of peer-reviewed literature and major institutional reports published between 2000 and 2025, this article argues that religious violence emerges through the interaction of structural drivers—economic marginalisation, uneven development, governance deficits, corruption, and regional exclusion—and socially embedded psychological mediators, including identity threat, moral disengagement, cognitive closure, and the quest for significance. Comparative illustrations from Nigeria, Somalia, Mali, Mozambique, and the Central African Republic show how material grievances become sacralised and organisationally embedded in extremist movements. The article advances a Structural–Psychological Interaction Model that conceptualises violence as a recursive process in which structural vulnerability and identity-based meaning-making mutually reinforce one another. By bridging macro-structural inequality and socially mediated
cognition, the study contributes to sociological debates on conflict and state fragility and argues that sustainable peacebuilding requires integrated governance reform, economic inclusion, institutional legitimacy, and community-level recognition.

Effects of the Development of Financial Sector on Economic Growth: An Analysis of Nigerian Banking Industry

Farouk Ibrahim — 2026-02-01

This study examined the effects of financial sector development on economic growth in Nigeria, with a specific focus on the banking industry over the period 2000 to 2024. The objectives were to determine whether a relationship exists between banking sector development and economic growth, and to assess the performance of the financial sector in driving economic growth in
Nigeria. Time-series quantitative data were sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Statistical Bulletin, National Bureau of Statistics, World Bank Data, and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) Economic Outlook Database. The findings revealed a significant positive relationship between real gross domestic product (RGDP) and key financial indicators, including broad money supply (M2), credit volume (CV), bank assets (BA), and liquidity ratio (LR). The relationship was found to be moderate to strong in magnitude and positive in direction, indicating a meaningful capacity to stimulate economic growth. The study recommends that financial sector operators recognize and strategically leverage this relationship to foster sectoral growth. Furthermore, the government and its relevant agencies should restructure banking sector monetary policies to enhance the industry’s contribution to Nigeria’s long-term economic growth and prosperity.

Financial Protection and National Health Insurance Scheme Enrollment in Nigeria

Kamilu Yakubu Ishaq — 2026-02-01

This study explores the impact of National Health Insurance Scheme NHIS enrollment on financial protection against the out-of-pocket expenditures and catastrophic health costs for enrollees in Nigeria. It employs Two part model (TPM) which is often used to analyze healthcare expenditures, especially when a significant portion of the population may not incur any expenses. The study employed a cross-sectional survey design with multi-stage cluster sampling to collect data, using 468 respondents comprising 234 HNIS-insured Federal Government employees and 234 uninsured employees from the organized private sector in Kano state, Nigeria. Pre-estimation and post estimation test including the skewness and kurtosis test for normality, breusch-pagan test for homoscedasticity, variance inflation factor test for multicollinearity and the combine marginal effect conducted and estimated revealed high level of consistency and reliability of the research findings. Empirical findings from the model revealed that health insurance enrollment is associated with 14.11% reduction in probability of incurring catastrophic health expenditure among the sampled respondent. Findings regarding other significant variables in the model shows that Hospitalization, health problem, and chronic health condition increases the risk of catastrophic health expenditure as expected, which highlights the potentiality of health insurance enrollment in providing financial protection against it. Education and income have positive effects on catastrophic health expenditure suggesting that higher-income and the more educated household may be more likely to incur high healthcare cost. In essence, this study recommends that,s Policymakers should prioritize increasing funding for program expansion to include wider populations because the evidence that NHIS significantly improves access and financial protection suggests that expanding and improving the implementation of NHIS is crucial for achieving Universal Health Coverage (UHC) in Nigeria.

Traffic Signal Light and Traffic Control in Ikeja, Lagos State

Tolulope Adeniran — 2026-02-01

The paper examined the traffic signal light and traffic control in Lagos metropolis using traffic control officers (LASTMA, i.e. Lagos State Traffic Management Authority) (53) working in Ikeja Local Government as a case study and Commuters (drivers, pedestrians, public transport users) (207). Objectives and hypotheses guided the study. The descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. The simple percentage, Chi-square (X2) and Pearson Product-Moment Correlation statistical tools were used to analyse the data. All hypotheses were tested at 95% confidence level and 0.05 level of significance. The hypotheses tested result shows that the introduction of traffic signal lights will not significantly affect traffic control in Lagos metropolis; there is a significant relationship between dysfunctional traffic signals and traffic control, and there is a significant relationship between accident rate and traffic signals in traffic control. It was therefore recommended among others that for effective traffic management and control, both manual and electronic devices must be combined in view of the epileptic nature of power supply in Lagos city, as elsewhere, particularly at major traffic conflict points. To prevent frequent power outages and their adverse effects on traffic
management, it is recommended that each traffic control light stand be accompanied by a technician who will repair the light immediately if it is faulty. Traffic education should emphasise knowledge of road traffic laws and highway codes, comprehension of road signs and traffic signals, knowledge of one's responsibilities when driving, respect for other road users, respect for traffic control officers and their directives, concern for the safety of all road users, proficiency in driving and the do's and don'ts of driving and highway use must be adhered to.

Enforcement Challenges of the United Nations Resolutions in the Israel–Palestine Conflict

Tasiu Magaji — 2026-02-01

The Israel-Palestine conflict is one of the longest-running and most complicated issues in modern international relations. It continues to get a lot of attention from the international community, especially the United Nations (UN). Over the years, the UN has passed many resolutions through its main bodies, particularly the Security Council and the General Assembly. These resolutions aim to promote peace, uphold international law, and help find a fair solution for both sides. However, enforcing these resolutions has proven to be a major challenge. This brings up important questions about how effective and powerful the UN really is in solving conflicts. This study looks into the difficulties of enforcing UN resolutions in the Israel-Palestine conflict. It uses a qualitative research approach based on document analysis of key UN resolutions and secondary sources like academic articles and policy reports. The study examines the political, structural, and institutional factors that have limited the implementation of UN decisions. These factors include the use of veto power by permanent members of the Security Council, the geopolitical interests of major countries, the lack of strong enforcement mechanisms, and the complicated nature of the conflict itself.

Exploring Factors Affecting Online Survey Response Rates among Nigerian Management Graduate Students: A Qualitative Study

Mustapha BADAMASI — 2026-02-01

This study investigates why Nigerian management graduate students often show low participation in online surveys, focusing on practical digital constraints and issues of trust. Using a qualitative design, we conducted online, semi-structured interviews with 18
postgraduate management students from Nigerian universities and analyzed the data using reflexive thematic analysis. The findings show that high data costs, unstable internet connectivity, and limited device capacity discourage participation, while perceptions of researcher professionalism, clarity of consent and privacy information, and sensitivity of survey topics strongly shape willingness to respond. Participants also highlighted survey fatigue, especially when links are widely broadcast in bulk through messaging platforms, and expressed a preference for academically meaningful incentives, such as summaries of findings,
over vague prize-based rewards. The study contributes to the literature by demonstrating how material digital constraints and context-specific trust concerns interact to depress online survey response rates in a resource-constrained setting, and it offers practical recommendations for designing more trustworthy, low-burden online surveys for management research in Nigeria.