International Journal of Intellectual Discourse

Role of institutions on the relationship between growth and capital inflow

Abdullahi Abubakar — 2025-04-19

Previous studies indicate that economic growth influences foreign capital inflow in countries with low levels of institutional quality. However, these studies are confronted with modelling and/or inferential problems. Consequently, this study investigates the impact of institutional quality on the economic growth-foreign capital inflow nexus using the asymptotic efficient bias-corrected least square dummy variable methods on data from 163 countries for the period 2002-2015. The results show that economic growth, real income per capita, and foreign reserves impact foreign capital inflow. The study finds the effect of economic growth on capital inflow to be conditional on institutional quality. Specifically, the results show that economic growth does not influence foreign capital inflow in countries with low levels of institutional quality but has a significant positive effect on capital inflow in countries with moderate and high levels of institutional quality. Therefore, countries should enhance their institutional framework by establishing a reliable structure for economic policies and enforcement.

Legislative turnover trends in Nigeria: Challenges and implications

Ibrahim Tafawa Balewa — 2025-03-31

This paper examines legislative turnover trends in Nigeria from 1999 to 2023, focusing on the challenges and implications for democratic governance. It adopts a desk research methodology, which entails the analysis of existing literature, official reports, and electoral data to provide an overview of the factors that influence legislative turnover and its impact on Nigeria's legislative processes. The paper adopts the institutional and principal-agent theories to explore the structural and systemic factors that shape turnover trends, and examine the relationship between legislators and constituents and how accountability mechanisms
influence turnover respectively. It finds out that there is a persistent pattern of high legislative turnover in Nigeria's National Assembly, with significant implications for policy continuity, institutional memory, and legislative effectiveness. Key factors contributing to this trend include electoral malpractices, intra-party conflicts, and the monetization of politics, which undermine the stability and professionalism of the legislative body. The analysis underscores the detrimental effects of high legislative turnover, including the erosion of institutional knowledge, disruption of legislative initiatives, and weakened oversight functions. These challenges hinder the National Assembly's capacity to effectively represent constituents and perform its constitutional duties. As a result, the paper recommends a comprehensive electoral reform, enhanced political party structures, and capacity-building initiatives for legislators to mitigate the adverse effects of legislative turnover.

Consumers’ spending and economic performance: Nigeria under investigation

Ebierinyo Akarara Ayebaemi — 2025-03-31

This study examines the impact of consumer spending on economic performance in Nigeria, with a focus on national household consumption expenditure and inflation rate. The objectives are to determine the relationship between household consumption and economic performance (proxied as GDPGR), and to evaluate the effect of inflation on this relationship. The study adopts an ex-post facto research design using annual time series data from 1986 to 2023, sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria and the National Bureau of Statistics. The analytical techniques employed include the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) unit root test, Johansen cointegration test, Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression, and Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC). The findings reveal that national household consumption expenditure (NHCE) has a positive and statistically significant effect on economic growth, with a one percent increase in NHCE leading to approximately 13% increase in GDP growth rate. Surprisingly, inflation also exhibited a positive and significant impact on economic growth within the study period. The model showed a strong explanatory power (R² = 0.82) and passed the diagnostic tests, including stability tests and the Durbin-Watson statistic. The PPMC
coefficient of 0.84 further confirmed a strong positive correlation between NHCE and economic growth. The study concludes that boosting consumer spending and maintaining inflation at a manageable level are crucial for sustainable economic growth in Nigeria. It recommends policy interventions such as wage increases, tax reliefs for low-income earners, and effective inflation control mechanisms to enhance household consumption and overall economic performance. These findings provide useful insights for policymakers and development planners.

Handling online customer complaints and organizational competitiveness of online retail stores in Port Harcourt

Eucharia Atuo Chinasa — 2025-03-31

The study investigated the relationship between handling online customer complaints and organizational competitiveness of online retail firms in Port Harcourt. Port Harcourt residents of 2,500,000 people formed the population of the study and a sample size of 400 was arrived at with the help of Taro Yameni formula. The data used for the study were distributed and retrieved through a structured questionnaire. Three null hypotheses were tested using the spearman’s rank order correlation coefficient with the aid of SPSS version 23. From the findings of the study, it revealed that there is a positive and significant relationship between handling online customer complaints and organizational competitiveness. Specifically, the findings showed that handling online customer complaints via its dimensions of Responsiveness, Compensation and customer interaction positively correlates organizational competitiveness of online retail stores in Port Harcourt. In conclusion, it is noted that responsiveness, compensation and customer interaction of this online retail stores positively and significantly enhance and contributes to the organizational competitiveness of this firms. Hence, the study recommends that for online retail stores in Port Harcourt to gain competitive advantage in this fierce competitive marketplace, dedicated effort should be placed online complaint handling activities as these have strong positive relationship with organizational competitiveness; online retail stores should endeavor to get more recommendations from their customers continuously to know if their compensation tactics are effective and timely, as this was found to have the highest correlation with organizational competitiveness; online retail stores should pay special attention in handling any complaint and attempt to break the silence of dissatisfied customers.

Evolution of money from barter system of exchange to Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC): A focus on Nigeria and the Bahama

David Kanu Hope — 2025-03-31

Money as a medium of exchange, store of value, and unit of account has played a significant role in every sphere of human existence and within every discipline, whether it is the Central Bank of Nigeria's increase to the country's money supply or deposit-taking commercial banks in the Bahamas's dividend payout ratio, money has been a substantial element that links both micro and macroeconomics in the financial system of every economy. However, influenced by technological advancement, digital financial innovations, cryptography, and networking the concept of Money has changed significantly and frequently over the centuries from the Barter exchange system in the 6000 BC to the Central Bank digital currency (CBDC) in 2020. The main purpose of this paper is to elucidate the evolution of Money from a barter system of exchange to the Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC). On the basis of a qualitative review of available literature surveyed, the study result revealed that technological advancements, financial innovation, lack of public confidence in traditional financial institutions and regulatory authorities, financial crisis, competition, and financial inclusion are closely associated with the evolution of Money from a barter system of exchange to CBDC in Nigeria
and Bahamas. However, the study concludes that each phase of the evolution of Money from the barter system to CBDC is based solely on trust. Trust is significantly connected to every phase of the evolution of Money to CBDC. Hence, anyone can create coins, fiat currency, cryptocurrency, or CBDC as a medium exchange, but getting it accepted as a payment system is based solely on trust. Therefore, the evolution of Money and public confidence in the medium of exchange coexist.

Is it a team effort? The combined impact of relational job crafting and job design on energy and performance

Ruth Fidelis Onyeka — 2025-03-31

Although extensive research has explored job crafting, the interaction between individual driven job crafting and organizational job design in influencing employee performance remains underexplored. Guided by conservation of resources (COR) theory, this study tests a framework examining how daily relational job crafting—focused on either promotion or prevention—affects employee energy and task performance within the context of relational job design, specifically task interdependence. An experience-sampling study was conducted over 10 workdays with full-time employees from various organizations (845 daily observations from 126 participants). Multi-level path analysis revealed that promotion-oriented relational job crafting positively influenced task performance by boosting energy levels, especially in low task-interdependence environments. In contrast, prevention-oriented relational job crafting reduced energy in low-task-interdependence settings but enhanced energy in high-task
interdependence environments. These findings highlight the context-dependent nature of relational job crafting’s impact on employee energy and performance, shaped by job design.
The results suggest that job crafting strategies should align with task interdependence. Employees in low-task-interdependence roles benefit from promotion-oriented relational job crafting, which helps alleviate isolation and increases energy by fostering new relationships. Organizations can support this by creating spaces for social interaction and encouraging team building activities. Conversely, employees in high-task-interdependence roles may benefit from prevention-oriented job crafting, minimizing relational demands to manage energy effectively. Organizations can assist by offering resources that help balance social interactions and prevent relational strain. By aligning job crafting strategies with job design, organizations can enhance employee well-being, improve task performance, and mitigate burnout risk.

A proposed framework on the effectiveness of board of directors in mitigating earnings management in Nigeria: Pre and post NCCG 2018 reform

Auwalu Musa — 2025-03-31

In recent decades, there has been a significant focus on the issue of earnings management practices through real-activities manipulation, which needs effective monitoring. These propositions have been confirmed by past studies in developed economies, where their regulations and institutional settings of corporate governance varied from those of emerging economies. Thus, corporate governance best practice is considered an effective monitoring mechanism for strengthening the credibility and reliability of financial reporting. This study proposes a framework to empirically investigate the effectiveness of the board of directors (size, independence, expertise, meeting frequency, and gender diversity), and using the aggregate
board attributes (board effectiveness) on earnings management practices among non-financial service firms listed on the Nigerian Exchange Group. The study proposes to utilize the periods from 2013 to 2018, and 2019 to 2024 as the pre–and post–Nigerian code of corporate governance [NCCG] 2018 reform, respectively. Evidence from prior studies suggested that boards of directors are an important part of the corporate structure and responsible for monitoring the quality of the information contained in financial reports. It is argued that the board of directors’ effectiveness can mitigate earnings management practices. Besides, the study will provide important intuition to shareholders, financial analysts, and academia about the effectiveness of the revised NCCG 2018 in mitigating earnings management practice.

Moderating effect of leverage on the relationship between audit committee and audit quality of listed emerging firms in Nigeria

Aliyu Gololo Ibrahim — 2025-03-31

This study investigates the moderating effect of leverage on the relationship between audit committee characteristics specifically oversight, independence and communication and audit quality among listed emerging firms in Nigeria. Using Agency and Resource Dependency theories as the theoretical framework, the study adopts an ex-post facto research design with secondary data collected from 25 emerging firms listed by Business Elites Africa from 2022 to 2025. Logistic regression analysis was employed using STATA version 14.0 to test the hypothesized relationships. Findings reveals that audit committee oversight, independence and communication each have a significant positive effect on audit quality. However, leverage negatively moderates these relationships, suggesting that higher financial leverage weakens the positive effects of audit committee functions on audit quality. This study concludes that while audit committees are crucial for enhancing audit quality, firms with high leverage are
more vulnerable to compromised audit integrity despite strong committee structures. The research recommends strengthening audit committee mechanisms through enhanced training, regulatory reforms and independent financial oversight, particularly in high-leverage firms. The study contributes to corporate governance literature by highlighting leverage as a significant moderating factor in emerging economies.

External debt, domestic debt, external debt servicing and economic growth in Nigeria

Oyeinbrakemi Innocent Azebi — 2025-03-31

This study examines the impact of public debt on Nigeria’s economic growth. The objectives are to ascertain the impact of external debt (ED), domestic debt (DD) and external debt servicing (EDS) on Nigeria’s economic growth proxied by real gross domestic product (GDP). The study employed the ex post facto research design, while annual time series data for each of the variables were sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria statistical bulletin for the period 1991 to 2022. The estimation techniques utilised in the study include correlation test, Augmented Dickey-Fuller unit root test, ARDL Bounds test, and the Bruesch-Godfrey LM test for autocorrelation. Findings of the Augmented Dickey-Fuller unit root test indicates that GDP and DD were stationary at level, while ED and EDS became stationary after first difference. The result of the ARDL bounds test revealed that the variables are cointegrated in the long run as the F-statistic value of 6.596 is greater than the upper critical bound value of 4.35. Further findings revealed that in the long-run, only DD has a significant positive impact on GDP. Result of the coefficient of determination suggests that the variables fitted in the model explained about 66.87 percent of the behaviour of GDP in the period under review. Also, the Durbin Watson statistic of 2.02 suggests that the model is free of serial correlation. The study therefore, recommended among others that the Nigerian government should focus more on domestic sources, as the major source of public debts.