International Journal of Intellectual Discourse

Entrepreneurship Social Networks on Small and Medium Enterprises success in Delta state, Nigeria

Ewere Clinton Okonta — 2025-07-02

The aim of the study is to ascertain how using social networks in entrepreneurship relates with Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) success in Delta State, Nigeria. A cross-sectional research approach was adopted in this study. Four hundred and fifty (450) selected entrepreneurs made up the sample. The basic random sampling technique was used. With the help of "Survey Monkey," a total of 300 sets were used for analysis. The instrument was subjected to face and content validity checks before its reliability was evaluated using the Cronbach alpha test. Since the focus of the study involves measuring effects, the statistical tools employed in the data analysis included OLS multiple regression, correlation, the Jacque Bera normalcy test, and descriptive statistics. Stata version 13.0 was the statistical software utilized in the study to analyse the data. The findings indicate that the dimensions of entrepreneurship using social networks such as opportunity recognition, resource acquisition, market entry and growth affect significantly with SMEs success. It was concluded that entrepreneurship is inherently a social endeavour, with success often hinging on the quality and extent of an entrepreneur's social networks; this led to the recommendation that government and nongovernmental organizations should fund digital literacy and entrepreneurship programs focused on social media to affect the success of SMEs across the state and the nation at large.

Business management practice and organizational profitability: Evidence from selected deposit money banks in central area, Abuja

Eucharia C. Ume — 2025-06-30

The profitability of deposit money institutions in the Central Area of Abuja is increasingly threatened by severe competition, regulatory challenges, and changing consumer needs, requiring good business management strategies to maintain financial success. Although strategic planning is crucial for organisational success, its precise influence on profitability in this context is yet little examined. This study investigates the correlation between strategic planning, a fundamental aspect of corporate management practices, and the profitability of specific deposit money institutions in the Central Area of Abuja. Utilising a quantitative research methodology and a cross-sectional survey design, data were gathered from 93 management personnel across five banks through a prepared questionnaire. Regression study indicated that strategic planning exerts a robust, positive, and significant influence on organisational profitability, explaining 69.6% of the variability in profitability. The results
highlight the significance of strategic planning in augmenting revenue and aligning organisational objectives with market realities. The study indicates that the integration of comprehensive planning at each level of the corporate value chain is vital for attaining continuous profitability. Recommendations emphasise the prioritisation of strategic planning activities to enhance financial performance and tackle operational difficulties within the banking sector.

Mediating Role of Personal Attitudes in the Relationships between Inclusive Leadership on Employee Performance

Lubabatu Danladi Hassan — 2025-06-30

The aim of this study is to explore the mediating role of personal attitudes in the relationships between inclusive leadership on employee performance. This study adopted questionnaire survey method and data was collected from 274 staff of private school in Bauchi state. Data was analyzed using SPSS and PLS SEM. 4 software. Data were analysed through SPSS while path analysis will be performed through PLS SEM. The tools were used to assess and evaluate the statistical significance of relevant path coefficients of the understudy variables. The study findings show that there were positive significant relationships between inclusive leadership and employee performance, Furthermore, personal attitude mediates inclusive leadership on employee performance, the result suggests that there was significant positive relationship between inclusive leadership and employee performance. The study recommended that the management of the staff of senior secondary schools within the Bauchi metropolis should improving their leadership style, also Foster diversity through recognition and rewards, the staff of senior secondary schools within the Bauchi metropolis should be encourage and leadership among their staff. This leadership style inspires and motivates employees by setting high expectations, providing support and guidance, and encouraging innovation and creativity, the workplace should prioritize the improvement of personal attitude.

Public Bureaucracies in the age of Digitization: The challenges of Sustainable Service Delivery in Nigeria

Usman Abbo — 2025-06-30

The rapid pace of digitization has transformed the way Public Bureaucracies operate, presenting both opportunities and challenges for Sustainable Service Delivery. In Nigeria, the adoption of Digital Technologies in Public Bureaucracies has been slow and uneven, hindering the effective delivery of Public Services. This study examines the challenges of sustainable service delivery in Nigerian Public Bureaucracies in the age of digitization using the Adamawa state internal revenue service as unit of analysis. The study adopts a mixed methods approach by integrating a cross-sectional survey and phenomenological in a convergent parallel design where ten department heads, five digital staff, and 61,496 clients from Adamawa State Internal Revenue Service records make up the target population. A sample size of 196 participants is determined for the survey using Mugenda and Mugenda's (2016) formula, and five informants are chosen for key informant interviews, allowing for a thorough comprehension of the research topic through contextual and numerical insights. The findings highlight the need for a holistic approach to digitization, including investments in digital infrastructure, capacity building, and institutional reforms. The study contributes to
the literature on Public Administration and digitization, providing insights for policymakers, practitioners, and scholars seeking to promote sustainable service delivery in Nigeria and beyond.

Effect of Academic Qualification on Job Satisfaction of School Teachers in Kaduna Metropolis

Ezinne Chinyere ILUNO — 2025-06-30

This study examined the relationship between academic qualification and job satisfaction among teachers in Kaduna metropolis. Quantitative approach was adopted for the study. Cross-sectional Design was used for the study. The population of the study is 1822. Yamane formula was used to derive the sample size of 328. Structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Descriptive statistics was used to summarize the key variables such as demographic characteristics while Inferential Analysis (regression) was used to examine the relationship between academic qualifications and job satisfaction. The findings revealed that
academic qualification contributed to career progression and also positively influence job satisfaction. Furthermore, good salary, clean and conducive work environment enhance job satisfaction. Thus, we recommend that teachers must endeavor to improve their academic qualification through full time/ part time enrollment for higher academic degree because the distribution of income always align with educational attainment, leading to enhance job satisfaction among individuals who expected better financial rewards for their qualifications.

The Impact of Gender Diversity on Entrepreneurial Finance in Yobe State

Umar Mustapha Kachalla — 2025-06-30

This study investigates the impact of gender and diversity on access to entrepreneurial finance in Yobe State, Nigeria, highlighting persistent disparities that hinder inclusive economic growth. A total of 384 questionnaires were administered, yielding 271 completed responses, resulting in a response rate of 70.6%. Data from 200 entrepreneurs, including equal representation of 100 women and 100 men from various backgrounds, reveal significant gender-based disparities in access to formal financial services. A stratified sampling method ensured diverse representation, and quantitative analysis techniques, including regression analysis, were employed. The reliability test indicated a Cronbach Alpha value of 0.750, confirming the instrument's reliability. The findings show that women entrepreneurs face unique challenges, including cultural barriers, lack of collateral, and limited financial literacy, alongside other intersectional factors such as education level and rural-urban divides. Promoting gender diversity in entrepreneurship could enhance economic resilience and innovation; however, financial barriers remain largely unaddressed. The study concludes with policy recommendations aimed at improving financial inclusion and supporting diverse entrepreneurship, advocating for targeted financial literacy programs and increased access to collateral-free loans for women. This research contributes to the understanding of entrepreneurial finance in Yobe State and offers insights for policymakers and development organizations striving for inclusive economic growth in northeastern Nigeria.

Deposit Money Bank Credit to Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SMEs): A focus on wholesale and retail trade.

Anthony Imafidon — 2025-06-30

The study investigated the effect of deposit money bank credit to SMEs in Nigeria: focus on wholesale and retail trade, the study used secondary data covering the period 2010 to 2023 and the Central Bank of Nigeria's (CBN) 2023 Statistical Bulletin was the source of the data used in the study. The study applied the dynamic OLS technique for the model, and econometric techniques was used for the data analyses are descriptive statistics, person correlation coefficient, unit root test, post regression test and Q-statistics. The study found that deposit money banks’ credit to SMEs exhibit a positive and significant impact on wholesale and retail trade. Result from lending interest rate (LINTR) and inflation rate (INFR) have a negative and significant impact on wholesale and retail trade (WRT) whereas, broad money supply (BMS) exhibit positive significant impact on wholesale and retail trade (WRT), the study concluded that, deposit money bank credit to SMEs has positive significant impact on wholesale and retail trade in Nigeria during the period of study. Therefore, it is recommended that government policy makers should revamp the financial system and the government should prioritize credit creation to wholesale and retail trade in order to improve performance of the SMEs.

A Time-Series investigations of consumer price index dynamics and economic growth in Nigeria

Anthony Imafidon — 2025-06-30

The study examined the impact of a time-series of consumer price index dynamics on economic growth in Nigeria, and the Secondary data covering 30 years, from 1993 to 2023, were employed in the research. For the analysis, the ARDL Bounds test for cointegration model technique was used. The consumer pricing index (CPI) result showed that, both in the short and long term, there is a significant negative relationship between the CPI and Nigeria's GDP. Also, only in the long term does the money supply (MS) have a positive impact on economic growth in Nigeria; the interest rate (INTR) has a negative impact on GDP. According to the study's findings, Nigeria's GDP is negatively influenced by the consumer price index (CPI). Given the short- and long-term negative effects of the consumer price index on economic growth, it is recommended that the Nigerian government should address supply-side constraints by boosting agricultural output, infrastructure investment, and manufacturing sector development. This will stabilize prices and reduce production costs, which will minimize supply-side and demand-side inflation.

Complexities of Nigeria’s Electrification Policies: Opportunities for Private Sector Participation and Sustainable Energy Access

Mohammed Kabeer Garba — 2025-06-30

Nigeria faces significant challenges in achieving universal electricity access, with only about 55-60% of the population connected to the grid and rural electrification rates as low as 30%. Despite numerous policy initiatives, including the Electric Power Sector Reform Act (EPSRA, 2005) and the National Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Policy (NREEEP, 2015), implementation remains weak due to regulatory fragmentation, financing gaps, and inadequate private sector engagement. This study examines the complexities of Nigeria’s electrification policies, identifying key barriers such as inconsistent tariff structures, foreign exchange risks, and limited investment in decentralized renewable energy (DRE) solutions. The research highlights the untapped potential of private sector participation in bridging Nigeria’s energy access gap, particularly through mini-grids, solar home systems, and hybrid power projects. While initiatives like the Nigeria Electrification Project (NEP) and mini-grid regulations offer promising frameworks, their effectiveness is hindered by bureaucratic inefficiencies and lack of long-term financing. Case studies from successful models in Kenya and India suggest that Nigeria could enhance electrification by adopting blended finance mechanisms, improving risk guarantees for investors, and strengthening community engagement. Key findings indicate that sustainable energy access in Nigeria requires a coordinated policy approach, incentivized private investment, and scalable off-grid solutions. Recommendations include establishing a centralized electrification agency, introducing tax incentives for renewable energy projects, and expanding pay-as-you-go (PAYG) solar systems. By addressing these challenges, Nigeria can unlock private sector opportunities, accelerate energy access, and support socio-economic development.

The Impact of Digital Diplomacy on International Relations: A Case Study of Global Leaders’ Social Media Use

Mohammed Kabeer Garba — 2025-06-30

This study explores the transformative impact of digital diplomacy on contemporary international relations through a focused case study of global leaders’ social media usage. As digital platforms such as X (Twitter), Facebook, and Instagram become increasingly integral to political communication, world leaders are now engaging in direct, unmediated dialogue with international publics, thereby bypassing traditional diplomatic institutions and reshaping geopolitical discourse. This paper investigates how digital diplomacy influences soft power projection, crisis communication, public diplomacy, and strategic signaling in global affairs. Utilizing a qualitative content analysis methodology, the research examines the digital behaviors of selected political leaders namely, Volodymyr Zelenskyy (Ukraine), Joe Biden (United States), Narendra Modi (India), and Emmanuel Macron (France) between 2022 and 2024. The study is grounded in theoretical frameworks of soft power (Nye, 2004), constructivism (Adler, 1997), and public diplomacy theory, providing a comprehensive lens through which to understand the strategic narratives embedded in social media discourse. Findings reveal that global leaders utilize digital platforms for persona construction, narrative framing, alliance reinforcement, and diplomatic signaling. Moreover, three case based reviews, the Israel-Gaza war, Ukraine-Russia conflict, and U.S.-China tariff war demonstrate how digital diplomacy operates under real-time geopolitical stress. The paper concludes that digital diplomacy has become a central component of international relations, altering traditional conceptions of power, diplomacy, and influence. The research underscores the need for updated diplomatic protocols and ethical guidelines as states
navigate this evolving communication environment. This study contributes to the growing body of interdisciplinary scholarship on digital governance, foreign policy, and international communication.

A Conceptual Model on the Moderating Role of Organisational Agility on the Relationship between Job Crafting and Employee Performance

Nura Abubakar — 2025-06-30

Job crafting (JC), which is the personal and efficiency-oriented changes that employees make to redefine, redesign and shape their jobs, is a vital sustainer of employee performance (EP), especially amid challenges. It is equally a good option for optimizing performance in this information age. However, it remains a novel area with few studies especially from the African contexts. Nevertheless, employees tend to job craft only to the extent to which relevant ‘opportunity’ exists – and that is psychometrically, ‘organisational agility’ (OA). This paper/study employed critical review and content analysis of the existing literature. Among the findings are that there is paucity of studies on JC and OA as they relate to EP. Also, no empirical study is found to have distinctly examined the moderating role of OA on the JC-EP relationship, especially among the lecturers of public universities in Northwest
region of Nigeria. The proposed framework is based on Job Crafting Theory and consists of three JC behaviours/dimensions (task crafting, relational crafting and cognitive crafting) as the independent variables, and EP as the dependent variable. Due to the inconsistencies in the findings of previous studies, OA serves as the Moderator. It is recommended that the proposed framework/model should be tested empirically.

Nexus between Sense of Community and Career Development among Employees of selected Private Universities in South-West Nigeria

Mishael Bukunmi ABIOYE — 2025-06-30

The study examined the nexus between sense of community and employee career development using private universities in the South-West, Nigeria as the unit of analysis. The study identified belongingness, conflict resolution, and supportive environment as the three dimensions of sense of community vis-à-vis their relationship career development, thus, providing a framework to explain the relationship between sense of community and employee career development. Questionnaire was employed as the research instrument which was administered to the sample size of 337 respondents. The results emanating from the use of correlation coefficient and linear regression shows that there exists a strong and positive relationship between the three dimensions of sense of community which also exerted strong and positive influence on employee career development. The findings also reveal that conflict resolution contribute more to career development. It was concluded that sense of community is significant and plays a fostering role in the employee career success and satisfaction and recommended that management should institute conflict resolution mechanism that will herald harmonious relationship free from bias, prejudice, and subjectivity.